This course deals with comparative study of different systems in vertebrate groups (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) such as the skeletal system, integumentary system, respiratory system, circulatory system, excretory system and nervous system. Each system is dealt with in depth beginning from their origin during evolution as well as the life history during development of the organism. Comparisons of each system between each vertebrate is group is made so as to understand the modifications that have come about during the process of evolution.